Category: Progression of Dementia

Effective Ways to Communicate with Someone Living with Dementia

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes

Communication with someone living with dementia often requires creativity and patience. Teepa Snow, a renowned dementia care expert, emphasizes the importance of using multiple senses to connect before providing care. Here are some strategies inspired by her teachings to foster meaningful interactions:

1. Visual Cues

Use your body language and facial expressions to convey warmth and understanding. Approach the person from the front to avoid startling them, ideally at or below their eye level. Make eye contact to establish a sense of connection. Hand gestures can also help provide context to your words.

2. Gentle Touch

Touch is a powerful tool for communication. Extend your hand forward once they see you. Only when they accept your hand, then use the hand-under-hand technique to convey reassurance and support. Do not touch from behind or without them having visually acknowledged your presence.

3. Tone of Voice

The way you speak is just as important as what you say. Use a calm, friendly, and reassuring tone. Speak slowly and clearly, avoiding sudden changes in pitch or volume, which might cause confusion or distress. Reiterate as many of their words as possible in your response.

4. Engaging Their Senses

Dementia often heightens sensitivity to sensory input. Incorporate other senses to create positive experiences:

  • Smell: Familiar scents like lavender, fresh flowers, or favorite foods can evoke memories or provide comfort.
  • Sound: Play soothing music or sing familiar songs. Music often taps into deep-seated memories and emotions.
  • Taste: Share small portions of their favorite snacks or drinks to create moments of joy.
  • Sight: Use photographs, colorful objects, or natural light to stimulate engagement.

5. Focus on the Moment

People living with dementia thrive on meaningful, present-moment interactions. Simplify your communication by using short sentences and giving them time to process and respond. When words fail, nonverbal cues like a smile or holding hands can speak volumes.

6. Adapt and Be Patient

Flexibility is key. If a particular approach isn’t working, adjust your tone, gestures, or actions. Remember that their responses may not always align with your expectations, but your effort to connect has value.

Remember it is more about how you make them feel, rather than who is correct. If you find yourself becoming frustrated, take a step back, leave the room, and reapproach in a few minutes.

By embracing these techniques, caregivers can create more positive and fulfilling interactions, fostering a sense of safety and connection for those living with dementia. As Teepa Snow advocates, compassionate and sensory-aware communication can profoundly improve the quality of life for individuals and their caregivers alike.

NursePartners uses the Positive Physical Approach to Care to interact with our clients and their families. NursePartners GEM coaches and trainers ensure that carepartners are also undergoing five hours of training annually. If you would like to learn more about how we can support your loved one, call us today at 610-323-9800.

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Five Breakthroughs in Dementia Care from the Last Five Years

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes

Dementia care has evolved significantly in recent years, thanks to advancements in research, technology, and therapeutic approaches. These breakthroughs are not only improving the quality of life for individuals living with dementia but are also offering hope to families and caregivers. Here are five notable developments:

  1. FDA-Approved Treatments Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease In the past five years, the FDA has approved innovative drugs like aducanumab and lecanemab, which aim to slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease by targeting amyloid plaques in the brain. These treatments represent a shift toward disease-modifying therapies rather than solely focusing on symptom management.
  2. AI-Powered Early Detection Tools Artificial intelligence (AI) has been integrated into diagnostic tools, enabling earlier and more accurate detection of dementia. Machine learning algorithms analyze brain imaging, speech patterns, and cognitive test results to identify signs of dementia even before significant symptoms emerge, allowing for earlier interventions.
  3. Personalized Music Therapy Music therapy has long been recognized for its benefits in dementia care, but recent studies have emphasized the power of personalized playlists. Tailored music experiences have been shown to reduce agitation, improve mood, and even rekindle long-lost memories, enhancing emotional well-being.
  4. Wearable Technology for Daily Support Wearable devices equipped with GPS, fall detection, and health monitoring capabilities are helping individuals with dementia maintain independence while ensuring their safety. These technologies also provide peace of mind for caregivers by offering real-time updates and alerts.
  5. Advances in Non-Pharmacological Interventions Non-pharmacological approaches are now the preferred method for working with someone living with dementia. NursePartners practices the Positive Physical Approach to Care, as designed by Teepa Snow, to focus on what remains instead of dwell on what is lost.

These breakthroughs underscore the importance of ongoing research and innovation in dementia care. By embracing these advancements, the healthcare community can continue to improve outcomes for those living with dementia and their loved ones.

Learn more about how NursePartners’ care team can best support your loved one: 610-323-9800.

052 1 Five Breakthroughs in Dementia Care from the Last Five Years

The Benefits of Teepa Snow’s Positive Approach to Care for Older Adults Living with Dementia

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes

Caring for older adults living with dementia requires a compassionate and innovative approach that emphasizes dignity, understanding, and individualized care. Teepa Snow’s Positive Approach to Care® (PAC) is a widely respected philosophy designed to improve the lives of individuals with dementia and their caregivers. By focusing on abilities rather than limitations, PAC fosters meaningful interactions and enhances the quality of life for those navigating the challenges of dementia.

Emphasizing Strengths and Abilities

One of the core principles of PAC is recognizing and utilizing the retained abilities of individuals with dementia. Instead of fixating on what a person can no longer do, PAC encourages caregivers to focus on what they can still accomplish, fostering a sense of purpose and confidence. This strengths-based approach helps individuals feel valued and promotes engagement in daily activities.

Enhancing Communication and Connection

Teepa Snow’s techniques prioritize effective communication tailored to the unique needs of those with dementia. PAC caregivers are trained to use nonverbal cues, adjust their tone of voice, and adapt their language to reduce confusion and frustration. These strategies promote trust and meaningful connections, enhancing relationships between caregivers and those in their care.

Reducing Stress and Challenging Behaviors

By understanding the brain changes caused by dementia, PAC equips caregivers with tools to address challenging behaviors in a calm and empathetic manner. Techniques such as hand-under-hand guidance and sensory stimulation help manage anxiety and agitation, creating a more peaceful and cooperative environment.

Supporting Dignity and Autonomy

PAC emphasizes the importance of preserving an individual’s dignity and autonomy, even as dementia progresses. Caregivers learn to offer choices, respect personal preferences, and encourage participation in decisions whenever possible. This respectful approach honors the personhood of those living with dementia, boosting self-esteem and overall well-being.

Empowering Caregivers

The Positive Approach to Care not only benefits those with dementia but also empowers caregivers. By providing practical strategies and emotional support, PAC reduces caregiver stress and enhances their ability to provide high-quality, compassionate care.

Conclusion

Teepa Snow’s Positive Approach to Care transforms the caregiving experience for both individuals with dementia and their support systems. By focusing on understanding, empathy, and strength-based strategies, PAC fosters a sense of connection, dignity, and joy, even in the face of dementia’s challenges. For families and professionals alike, adopting this approach can lead to more fulfilling and harmonious care experiences.

NursePartners is a PAC designated Aware organization with Teepa Snow. Carepartners undergo at least five hours of dementia training annually.

If you would like to learn more about how we can assist your loved one, call us today at 610-323-9800.

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The Advantage of Early Preparation when Receiving an Alzheimer’s Diagnosis

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes

Receiving an early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease can be both overwhelming and empowering. While the initial reaction often includes fear and uncertainty, early diagnosis also opens the door to proactive planning. One of the most critical steps in this journey is preparing for case management, a structured approach to navigating the complexities of the disease.

Why Case Management Matters

Alzheimer’s is a progressive condition that impacts memory, thinking, and behavior over time. Each stage brings unique challenges, from managing medications and healthcare appointments to addressing safety concerns and financial planning. Case management provides a roadmap to anticipate and tackle these challenges effectively, ensuring continuity of care and enhancing quality of life for both the individual and their caregivers.

Benefits of Early Case Management

  1. Personalized Care Plans: Case managers assess the individual’s needs, preferences, and lifestyle to develop a tailored plan. This personalized approach ensures that the care aligns with the person’s values and goals.
  2. Resource Navigation: Alzheimer’s care often involves a variety of professionals, from neurologists to social workers. A case manager serves as a central point of coordination, helping families access community resources, support groups, and specialized services.
  3. Crisis Prevention: By addressing potential issues early—such as home safety or legal matters like power of attorney—case management reduces the likelihood of crises that can disrupt care.
  4. Caregiver Support: Alzheimer’s not only affects the person diagnosed but also places significant emotional and physical demands on caregivers. Case managers provide education, counseling, and respite care options to support the caregiving journey.

Taking the First Steps

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, consider consulting with a professional case manager early in the process. Begin by:

  • Assembling a Care Team: Engage healthcare providers, family members, and a case manager to establish a supportive network.
  • Discussing Long-Term Goals: Conversations about care preferences, living arrangements, and financial planning can help ensure decisions reflect the individual’s wishes.
  • Exploring Resources: Reach out to local Alzheimer’s associations, elder care organizations, and legal advisors to understand your options.

Conclusion

While an Alzheimer’s diagnosis is life-changing, early preparation for case management offers a path to navigate the challenges ahead with confidence and dignity. By planning proactively, individuals and families can focus on creating meaningful moments and maintaining quality of life throughout the journey.

early onset dementia The Advantage of Early Preparation when Receiving an Alzheimer’s Diagnosis

Understanding Vascular Dementia: How It Differs from Other Forms of Dementia

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes

Dementia is a broad term that describes a decline in cognitive abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life. While Alzheimer’s disease is the most well-known form, vascular dementia is another common type, with distinct causes, symptoms, and progression.

What Is Vascular Dementia?
Vascular dementia results from reduced blood flow to the brain, often caused by strokes, blockages, or damage to blood vessels. This can lead to the death of brain cells and impair the brain’s ability to function properly. Unlike Alzheimer’s, which is primarily linked to abnormal protein deposits and nerve cell damage, vascular dementia is directly tied to cardiovascular issues.

Types of Dementia Understanding Vascular Dementia: How It Differs from Other Forms of Dementia

Key Differences from Other Dementias

  1. Causes:
    • Vascular dementia stems from poor blood circulation in the brain, often associated with strokes or conditions like hypertension and atherosclerosis.
    • Alzheimer’s and other dementias are more commonly linked to genetic, environmental, or neurological factors, such as amyloid plaques and tau tangles in Alzheimer’s.
  2. Onset and Progression:
    • Vascular dementia often has a sudden onset following a stroke or a series of mini-strokes. Its progression can be stepwise, with periods of stability followed by sharp declines.
    • In contrast, Alzheimer’s typically has a gradual and steady decline over time.
  3. Symptoms:
    • Vascular dementia may present with difficulties in problem-solving, slowed thinking, and poor concentration, often before noticeable memory loss.
    • Alzheimer’s, on the other hand, is characterized primarily by memory loss in its early stages, followed by disorientation and language issues.
  4. Prevention and Management:
    • Managing risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, and cholesterol can significantly reduce the likelihood of vascular dementia.
    • While there’s no cure for either condition, the focus for vascular dementia is often on preventing further strokes or vascular damage, whereas Alzheimer’s treatments primarily target symptoms and slow progression.

Conclusion
Vascular dementia is distinct in its origins, progression, and symptoms, setting it apart from Alzheimer’s and other types of dementia. Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and better caregiving strategies. If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of dementia, it may be time to put a care team in place. Call us today to learn more about how we can help your loved one: 610-323-9800.

Winter Hobbies for Seniors Living with Dementia: Engaging and Comforting Activities

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes

Winter can be a challenging season for seniors living with dementia, as shorter days and colder weather may limit outdoor activities. However, this season also offers unique opportunities to engage in hobbies that bring joy, warmth, and mental stimulation. Below are some winter-friendly activities tailored to seniors with dementia:

1. Baking or Cooking Simple Recipes

The aroma of baked goods can evoke cherished memories. Involve your loved one in easy, hands-on tasks like stirring batter, sprinkling sugar, or rolling dough. Opt for recipes with familiar flavors like cinnamon or vanilla to create a comforting sensory experience.

2. Arts and Crafts

Winter-themed crafts, such as decorating holiday cards, making paper snowflakes, or stringing beads, can help enhance motor skills and provide a sense of accomplishment. Focus on simple, low-pressure projects with minimal steps.

3. Indoor Gardening

Planting herbs or caring for small indoor plants is a soothing and rewarding hobby. Winter is a great time to start an indoor herb garden that can be enjoyed year-round.

4. Music and Singing

Music has a profound effect on individuals with dementia, often sparking memories and emotions. Sing along to favorite holiday tunes or play soothing instrumental music to brighten the day.

5. Puzzles and Games

Simple jigsaw puzzles with large pieces, memory card games, or sorting activities can provide cognitive stimulation. Choose activities that align with their abilities to ensure a positive and enjoyable experience.

6. Knitting or Crocheting

For those who have enjoyed knitting or crocheting in the past, these hobbies can provide both comfort and a sense of purpose. Use soft, colorful yarns for added sensory benefits.

7. Storytelling and Reminiscing

Winter evenings are perfect for cozy storytelling sessions. Bring out photo albums or discuss favorite winter memories. Reminiscing can spark meaningful conversations and strengthen connections.

8. Gentle Exercise

Simple indoor exercises like chair yoga, stretching, or a light dance session can help improve circulation and mood. Add a winter theme by mimicking snowflake movements or pretending to skate!

actively cooking with Nana Winter Hobbies for Seniors Living with Dementia: Engaging and Comforting Activities

Tips for Success

  • Adapt Activities: Tailor hobbies to suit their current abilities and interests.
  • Create a Calm Environment: Minimize distractions and offer clear instructions.
  • Focus on the Process: Prioritize enjoyment over the final product.

Engaging in winter hobbies can bring warmth and happiness to seniors living with dementia, fostering connection and enriching their daily lives.

10 Engaging Holiday Activities for Seniors Living with Dementia

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes
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The holiday season is a special time to create meaningful moments with loved ones, including seniors living with dementia. Engaging in activities tailored to their abilities can foster joy, reduce anxiety, and strengthen connections. Here are ten activities to consider:

  1. Holiday Music Sing-Alongs
    Music has a unique ability to evoke memories. Play familiar holiday songs and encourage singing along. Keep it simple with classics that resonate with the senior’s past.
  2. Decorating Together
    Involve seniors in decorating the home or their personal space. They can hang ornaments, string garlands, or arrange holiday-themed decorations. Provide tasks suited to their dexterity and cognitive level.
  3. Baking Holiday Treats
    Engage them in baking cookies or preparing simple holiday treats. Tasks like stirring, rolling dough, or decorating cookies can be fun and sensory-rich experiences.
  4. Creating Holiday Cards
    Crafting homemade cards allows seniors to express themselves creatively. Provide pre-cut materials, stamps, or stickers to make the process easy and enjoyable.
  5. Reminiscing Over Old Photos
    Bring out old family holiday photos and share stories. This activity can spark positive memories and provide an opportunity for connection.
  6. Watching Classic Holiday Movies
    Choose lighthearted, familiar holiday films or TV specials. Watching together creates a cozy atmosphere and can bring comfort.
  7. Sensory Activities
    Incorporate sensory-rich activities, such as arranging holiday-scented candles, touching soft decorations, or smelling spices like cinnamon and nutmeg. These experiences can evoke pleasant emotions.
  8. Holiday-Themed Puzzles
    Large-piece puzzles or simple holiday-themed games like matching cards are excellent for maintaining focus and providing entertainment.
  9. Hosting a Small Holiday Tea or Cocoa Party
    Organize a quiet, intimate gathering with seasonal beverages and soft holiday music. This offers social interaction without overwhelming stimulation.
  10. Walking Through Festive Lights
    Take a leisurely stroll or drive through areas with holiday lights. The colorful displays can be mesmerizing and uplifting.

When planning these activities, always prioritize the senior’s comfort and preferences. Keep the environment calm and avoid overstimulation. By focusing on what brings them joy, you can create holiday moments they’ll cherish.

NursePartners has supported thousands of older adults in the Philadelphia area. We know that in order to provide care, we first have to connect. This enables us to build trusting relationships and are conducive to providing good care.

If you would like to learn more about home care or GEM (dementia) care services, call us today: 610-323-9800.

Recognizing the Early Warning Signs of Dementia

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes

Dementia is a complex disease marked by a decline in cognitive abilities, including memory, reasoning, and social skills. These changes can significantly impact a person’s daily life, making early recognition crucial for better treatment outcomes. Although symptoms vary by individual and type of dementia, several early warning signs are common across many types of dementia. Here’s what to look out for if you’re concerned about yourself or a loved one.

memory problems w calendar Recognizing the Early Warning Signs of Dementia

1. Memory Loss that Disrupts Daily Life

Short-term memory issues are often the first sign of dementia. Forgetting dates, repeatedly asking the same questions, or relying heavily on reminder notes are indicators to watch. While everyone occasionally forgets things, persistent memory loss that affects daily routines is a red flag (Alzheimer’s Association, 2023).

2. Challenges with Planning or Problem-Solving

People with early dementia may find it difficult to plan tasks or work through problems. For example, managing finances, following a recipe, or paying bills may become challenging. This change, often tied to executive functioning, can make once-simple tasks feel overwhelming and may lead to errors (Mayo Clinic, 2022).

3. Confusion about Time and Place

People experiencing dementia may lose track of dates, seasons, or even where they are. They might feel disoriented in unfamiliar places or struggle to understand events as they unfold (National Institute on Aging, 2021).

4. Difficulty Completing Familiar Tasks

Routine tasks, such as driving to familiar locations, preparing a favorite meal, or remembering the rules of a game, may become difficult for someone with dementia. This is distinct from occasional forgetfulness; it’s a noticeable inability to complete tasks that were once second nature, reflecting a decline in cognitive ability (Alzheimer’s Research UK, 2022). Remember to always compare cognitive functioning to the person’s previous baseline. This is why creating a comprehensive plan of care is crucial, as it allows us to realize when something has changed.

5. Changes in Mood and Personality

Mood and personality changes can also signal dementia, as the brain undergoes changes that affect emotional regulation. People may become anxious, fearful, easily upset, or depressed, and may show signs of apathy, especially regarding hobbies and activities they once enjoyed. They may also become suspicious of others, a response sometimes triggered by feelings of confusion and frustration (Alzheimer’s Association, 2023).

6. Trouble Understanding Visual or Spatial Relationships

Dementia can affect spatial perception and depth awareness, making it hard to judge distances, navigate spaces, or recognize familiar objects. This issue is especially prevalent for conditions like Alzheimer’s disease (one of the many forms of dementia), where visual processing in the brain is compromised. Misjudging distance while driving, for instance, can be an early indicator (World Health Organization, 2021).

7. Difficulty with Words and Conversations

Language challenges, such as struggling to find the right words, repeating phrases, or having difficulty following conversations, are also common in the earlier stages of dementia (Diamond and Emerald stages following the GEMs methodology). This can result in more frequent pauses, misunderstandings, or noticeable frustration when trying to communicate, which may lead to social withdrawal over time (Mayo Clinic, 2022).

What to Do if You Notice These Signs

If you or someone you know displays these symptoms, consider speaking with a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis can help rule out other potential causes, such as vitamin deficiencies or medication side effects, and enable planning for appropriate support and treatment options.

If there is a diagnosis of dementia, start your care team earlier. The longer you wait, the harder it will be to build a stable care team to support your loved one in the comfort of their home.

Let us tell you more about our approach to caring for those living with dementia: 610-323-9800.

References

Frontotemporal Dementia Warning Signs and Symptoms

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, leading to a progressive decline in behavior, personality, language, and motor function. Unlike Alzheimer’s disease, which is more common in older adults, FTD often impacts individuals between 40 and 65, and research shows that it is slightly more prevalent in men than in women.

early onset dementia Frontotemporal Dementia Warning Signs and Symptoms

Why FTD Is More Common in Men

Several factors contribute to the higher prevalence of FTD in men. Genetic research has suggested that certain genetic mutations linked to FTD, such as in the C9ORF72, MAPT, and GRN genes, might be more commonly expressed or lead to more severe symptoms in men. Additionally, some studies have found that brain networks and functions disrupted by FTD may vary subtly between genders, with the behavioral and emotional changes often associated with the male presentation of the disease possibly resulting in earlier and more noticeable symptoms. Lifestyle differences, like higher reported rates of traumatic brain injuries in men, could also contribute to this gender disparity.

Symptoms of FTD

The symptoms of FTD vary by subtype, but the most common form, behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), involves:

  • Behavioral and Personality Changes: This includes increased impulsivity, social withdrawal, apathy, and inappropriate social behavior. Patients may struggle to understand social cues and exhibit compulsive or repetitive behaviors.
  • Language Difficulties: Known as primary progressive aphasia (PPA), this subtype affects speech, reading, writing, and comprehension. Over time, affected individuals may have difficulty forming sentences or finding the right words.
  • Motor Symptoms: In some cases, FTD can lead to physical symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease, such as tremors, muscle stiffness, and balance issues.

Implications of FTD Prevalence in Men

The slightly higher prevalence of FTD in men highlights the importance of early detection, particularly when behavioral changes are involved. As symptoms of FTD can sometimes resemble psychiatric disorders, particularly in men, an accurate diagnosis is crucial for receiving appropriate treatment and support. Increased awareness of these gender differences may lead to better diagnostic and care approaches, helping families and caregivers better understand the progression of FTD and support loved ones affected by it.

Creating a Care Team

It is challenging to build a care team around someone living with FTD. This is often the case because the disease progresses rapidly, and the care recipient often rejects proactive actions to implement a care team. The challenges are compounded by their impulsivity and sometimes boots of aggression and eloping.

It is crucial that you involve a professional caregiving team as soon as possible. These individuals have core skills that allow them to meet the individual where they are currently and scale up services once trust has been established. Want to learn more? Call us at 610-323-9800.

How Dementia Can Cause Erratic Behavior and Impact Decision-Making

Posted on by Peter R. Abraldes

Dementia often brings about changes in the brain that affect not only memory but also a person’s ability to think clearly, make sound decisions, and control their behavior. One of the lesser-known impacts of dementia, especially in the early stages, is the increased likelihood of erratic behavior. This can manifest as unpredictable choices or impulsive actions that would be unusual for the person prior to the onset of dementia.

shutterstock 2450986075 How Dementia Can Cause Erratic Behavior and Impact Decision-Making

Understanding Erratic Behavior in Dementia

Erratic behavior in dementia stems from changes in the brain’s ability to regulate emotions and process information. Dementia, particularly Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia, affects the prefrontal cortex — the part of the brain responsible for judgment, planning, and impulse control. As dementia progresses, individuals may make decisions that are out of character, sometimes ignoring risks or consequences that they previously would have carefully considered.

Impact on Decision-Making

  1. Impaired Judgment and Risk Evaluation
    Individuals with dementia may find it difficult to assess risks or foresee the outcomes of their actions. This could lead them to make unsafe choices, such as leaving doors unlocked or mishandling medications.
  2. Difficulty Following Logical Steps
    Everyday decisions, like managing finances or remembering appointments, often require a step-by-step process that dementia disrupts. A person may begin the process but forget how to finish it. As a result, someone with dementia may make financial mistakes, such as overpaying bills or falling victim to scams.
  3. Emotional Reactivity and Impulsivity
    Dementia can lead to a heightened emotional response, making individuals more susceptible to making decisions based on fleeting emotions rather than rational thought. For instance, they might become easily frustrated or anxious and make impulsive choices without considering alternatives.

Helping Loved Ones Make Decisions

Supporting a loved one with dementia through decision-making involves creating a safe environment and encouraging simplified choices. Establishing routines, using reminders, and enlisting the help of professionals can also reduce the impact of dementia on important decisions. As dementia progresses, guardianship or power of attorney may be necessary to ensure that important decisions are made in their best interest.

Dementia’s impact on decision-making is a serious concern, especially as it leads to erratic behavior. By understanding these changes, caregivers and family members can take proactive steps to safeguard the well-being and safety of their loved ones. If you do not already have a care team in place, consider bringing in professional staff to help support your loved one and family. NursePartners’ team of certified nursing assistants are trained in dementia care and are ready to help: 610-323-9800.